Self-directed learning necessary for effective lifelong learning and many skills of students are expected to improve. Traditional learning methods are ineffective and passive instructional method. Students' nurses need to be educated and periodically reinforce their knowledge through seminars and
workshops to ensure high understanding of how to prevent communicable diseases transmission.. Aim of study: evaluate the self-learning versus traditional learning regarding safety measures in emergency unit. Research Design: A quasi -experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study will be conducted in nursing schools at Abbasiya district (Dar El Shifa School and psychiatric health school). Study sample: A purposive sample was collected; it consisted of 120 students nurses, first class, both genders, Tools: three tool was used pre/post in this study: 1- Structured Interviewing Questionnaire to assess characteristic and knowledge of studied students 2- Observation checklists to assess students, performance post implementation of two learning methods. 3- Students, opinion sheet to assess student's satisfaction regarding self-learning and traditional learning method assess the environment
of the school lab. Results: there was a highly statistically significant differences in relation to knowledge about safety in the emergency unit items between pre and post program in self-learning group (P= < 0.001).while, no statistically significant differences in traditional learning group Moreover, there was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between total knowledge and total practices among studied students in self-learning and traditional-learning groups in the post program. Conclusion: In conclusion Implementation of nursing student intervention had positive effect on knowledge, and practices for two groups (self-learning& traditional learning) regarding safety measure in emergency unit. Recommendation: developing educational programs for enhancing students' awareness about safety measures in emergency unit should be a priority in nursing schools to ensure early protective from infection. Raise nursing student's awareness regarding safety measures by using self-learning.