Background: Anemia, often a sign of an underlying condition, is a significant global public health issue affecting people in both developed and developing countries. Assessing red blood cell (RBC) indices in conjunction with changes in platelet count in anemic patients is crucial for understanding their relationship and potential clinical significance. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross sectional study was carried out between May 15 and July 15, 2023, among anemic patients (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) attending G.S. Medical College and Hospital in Pilkhuwa, Hapur. The objective was to examine variations in RBC indices and platelet counts. Collected data included demographic information, RBC indices, platelet count variations, and classifications of anemia. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between platelet count and RBC indices, while the Chi square test assessed the association between different types of anemia and platelet count variations. Results: Among the 253 anemic patients studied, the female-to-male ratio was 2:1, with the highest prevalence observed in the 20–29-year age group. Marked differences were noted between the minimum and maximum values of individual RBC indices (Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC) and platelet counts. Platelet count showed a statistically significant positive correlation with RBC values and a significant negative correlation with MCV. In contrast, its correlation with hemoglobin concentration and anemia type was positive but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The findings indicate a notable correlation between platelet count variations, RBC indices, and anemia types in anemic patients. Understanding this association can aid clinicians in both diagnosis and treatment planning.