Background: The sleep deprivation affects the maturity, psychological development and academic success, among students who frequently struggle with sleep irregularities and issues related to both the quantity and quality of their sleep. Additionally, learning ability and grades were found to be significantly impacted by sleep rhythm and impairment. Attention span, academic performance and daytime functioning are all significantly impacted by sleep deprivation. Teenagers who don't get enough sleep frequently have cognitive impairments, which manifest as more attentional lapses and worse academic achievement. Both circadian rhythms, which synchronize sleep patterns with the day night cycle and homeostatic mechanisms, which generate the desire for sleep are involved in the control of sleep. Cognitive performance is greatly impacted by these processes. The prefrontal cortex, a portion of the brain essential for executive processes including decision-making, impulse control and attention regulation is especially affected by sleep deprivation. This review highlights a close association between sleep deprivation and poor academic performance among students. Conclusion: Multiple studies correlate to back up the finding that sleep deprivation and improper sleep hygiene play a negative role in the academic performance of students. Maintaining brain health may be greatly aided by getting enough sleep. The link between sleep and cognitive development emphasizes how important sleep is in determining how the brain works and how people behave. Promoting a healthy lifestyle and mental well-being, will increase the academic performance among students.